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A Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis

By Iakovos Koukas (April 2024) Abstract: The Riemann Hypothesis, proposed by Bernhard Riemann in 1859, remains one of the most profound unsolved conjectures in mathematics. This paper presents a comprehensive proof of the Riemann Hypothesis, through ten steps that use mathematical tools from complex analysis, number theory and mathematical logic. Beginning with the foundational definition of the Riemann zeta function, I extend its domain analytically, investigate its behavior within the critical strip and use various mathematical techniques to establish the distribution of its non-trivial zeros. Through analytical reasoning and careful application of mathematical principles, I conclusively demonstrate that all non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function lie on the critical line, thereby proving the Riemann Hypothesis.   Introduction:   The Riemann Hypothesis is a conjecture concerning the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function, a central object in number theory with great im
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Why do we breathe? The human metabolism

At school, you learn the basics of human physiology. For example, you learn that there are organs that perform various vital tasks - the heart pumps blood through the body, the lungs breathe in air and the brain controls everything. As nice as it is to learn this at school, it is unsatisfactory in that the lessons only scratch the surface and leave important questions about the "why" unanswered. In the following article, I would like to go into a little more depth. Why do we drink? Humans are multicellular organisms, consisting of numerous cells, i.e. spaces enclosed by a membrane, which in turn contain a nucleus and numerous organelles. In the course of evolution, these multicellular organisms have developed from single-celled organisms that originally lived in water. They are therefore accustomed to an aqueous environment, indeed they need it to live. This is the reason why humans also need fluids. It is not for nothing that humans consist of about 60% water. The fluid bala
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Integrating Mathematical and Logical Reasoning to Establish the Existence of God: A Multidisciplinary Scientific and Philosophical Approach

By Iakovos Koukas (March 2024) Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive scientific and philosophical research into the existence of God through the integration of mathematical modeling and logical reasoning across multiple scientific fields. By examining key phenomena in protein folding, the origin of life, fine-tuning of physical constants, complex systems in ecology, quantum mechanics, neuroscience, cosmology and genetics, I demonstrate that empirical evidence and rigorous analysis support the conclusion of an intelligent designer, such as the theistic God. Through mathematical simulations, statistical analyses, and logical deduction, we provide definitive answers to ancient questions regarding the existence of a divine creator.   Introduction: The question of the existence of God has been causing heated debate and speculation across various disciplines for thousands of years. In this paper, I approach this question from a multidisciplinary perspective, using mathematical and lo
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On Science and Philosophy

Author: Claus D. Volko Basically I agree with Karl Popper's notion of the logic of scientific discovery: science is all about testing hypotheses. It is the scientist's job to try to disprove hypotheses. On the other hand, what should the process of coming up with hypotheses be called? In my opinion, it should be called: philosophy. The person who invents hypotheses is a philosopher. When you do a PhD, your task is to investigate hypotheses assigned to you by your supervisor. A PhD programme is supposed to train you as a scientist. The scientist is the one who tests the hypotheses. It is possible that there is a personal union of the one who comes up with the hypothesis and the one who tests it. But usually this is not the case, as the same hypothesis is often tested by several scientists. The philosopher is the person who comes up with new hypotheses. That is why the journal "Medical Hypotheses" is actually not a scientific but a philosophical journal. A scientific jo
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Why you are served stilts before beer at the Schweizerhaus

Why you are served stilts before beer at the Schweizerhaus and other scientific explanations of cultural phenomena Author: Claus D. Volko Every year, Professor Bernd Binder, head of the Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research at the University of Vienna, gives the main lecture from Vegetative Physiology in the summer semester. Although this lecture is regularly scheduled for the 4th semester of medical school, due to time constraints many students do not get around to attending it until the 6th semester - if at all. This is a pity, because this lecture has a lot to offer. It is true that a good knowledge of anatomy, histology and biochemistry is required to be able to follow Professor Binder's explanations. But for that you get a rich reward; you learn many an interesting context. What is particularly exciting: to learn to understand the physiological background of various elements of our culture. I would like to reproduce some of these fascinating explanations in thi
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We need better psychometric instruments

Author: Claus D. Volko The intelligence tests that are currently in use do not suffice to detect extreme talent. We need new instruments to detect intelligence levels that correspond to an IQ of 160, 170, 180, 190 or even higher. I recently visited the website of Syncritic Institute, an institute for academics with an IQ of 175 or higher. The founder states that science has been stagnating since the 1970s because the IQ of scientists has diminished and his institute has the ambition to change this. I do not know any intelligence test that reliably measures IQ scores of 175 or higher. I recall my own history of intelligence testing: The first official test I took was the Mensa admission test, on which I scored only IQ 134. I immediately thought that this was an underestimate of my intellectual abilities, and, indeed, on the next test I took (a test on the Internet) I already scored IQ 156, more than a standard deviation higher. It turned out that my test scores were in the IQ 150 - 160
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The Polymath

By Javier Arturo Munoz Justin As I was walking down Sixth Ave., making my way towards to the Rockefeller Center , when I saw a man whom I can only describe as ξένος βάτος . He was around six feet tall with skin dark as cinnamon. His hair was long and his beard was trimmed in a Islamic manner, he came up to me and said: ‘Good evening friend, where are you heading to?’ Caught off guard and not wanting a creepy stranger to know my daily routine, I said, ‘To the subway, I’m heading to Columbia . I have a class in two hours.’ ‘What is the class about?’ asked the Polymath. ‘It is,’ I said nervously, ‘a class about applied mathematics and quantum physics.’ ‘AHHHHHHH, are you a physicist?’ ‘No, I’m a mathematician.’ ‘Even better,’ said the Polymath as he started to grin widely. ‘I happen to be a mathematician and physicist myself, though I prefer mathematics. My name is Panagiotis Andreadakis, but I prefer the name Panagiotis Grapsia. What is the name to you? ‘Noel-Juan De Nemone,’ I responded
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